The burnout enigma solved?

The staurolite enigma solved.

Staurolite has been long considered an enigma because of its remarkable pseudosymmetry and the frequent twinning. Staurolite gives two twins whose occurrence frequency seems to contradict the condition of lattice restoration requested by the reticular theory of twinning, in that the more frequent one (Saint Andrews cross twin) has a twin index of 12, whereas the less frequent one (Greek cross t...

The cause of sarcoidosis: the Centurial enigma solved.

I am an experienced pathologist (4 decades), and I can now confidently perceive the cause of sarcoidosis. I can see clearly now because of 2 things: (1) modern evidence indicating a genetic-based immune dysregulation as an essential predisposing causal cofactor and (2) a century of accumulated pathology observations relevant to the point. The first factor helps explain numerous environmental, c...

[Electrocardiography and posterior wall infarction: has the enigma been solved?].

Primary angiitis of the CNS--an enigma that needs world-wide efforts to be solved.

Primary or isolated angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is still one of the enigmas in clinical neurology. Diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of PACNS include the symptoms of a multifocal or diffuse CNS-disorder with remitting or progressive course, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings supporting the diagnosis of vasculitis, and finally either an...

GluCl a target of indole alkaloid okaramines: a 25 year enigma solved

In 1989, indole alkaloid okaramines isolated from the fermentation products of Penicillium simplicissimum were shown to be insecticidal, yet the mechanism of their toxicity to insects remains unknown. We therefore examined the action of okaramine B on silkworm larval neurons using patch-clamp electrophysiology. Okaramine B induced inward currents which reversed close to the chloride equilibrium...